Crocs Competencies

1. What are Crocs core competences * First of all, the most important competence of Crocs is its highly responsive supply chain. Much of the supply chain’s design idea comes from the initiate product’s technological peculiarity – rubber (croslite) shoe. Comparing to regular shoes these ones were made by injection molding, which allows fast and relatively cheap production. To use such an advantage for increasing the company’s competitiveness, the whole supply hain should be designed accordingly. * Second competence is the ability to delay the decision. As all the shoes are mad from the same homogeneous mixture of ingredients, â€Å"compound† that can be dyed at any stage before the production, that feature allowed to apply the â€Å"delayed decision†. By that Crocs could make the decision about the final product’s colors at the late stage, reflecting to the market’s response, therefore reducing the risk of bad estimation and overstocks as a result. * In-house operation By moving most of its operation from third parties to in-house Crocs achieved the control over all the activities involved to production and distribution, assuring that the whole supply chain has the same vector of interests. With in-house all the processes becomes transparent so the lags, delays and problems can be noticed and solved in order to optimize the speed of the whole chain’s respond to the demand changes. * The Global presence. Pushing the brand to all the global markets same time and shortly after the local success, the company not only achieved the status of the â€Å"original† rubber shoe brand and the advantage of the economy on scale, and tax optimization; but also to gained the ability to leverage on the global seasonality. Such factor allows the company to reduce to minimum the risks of bad estimation of the future demand. If the product is successful on south market, Crocs would produce more for same season at Northern market. If not successful and overproduced at South – same goods can be sent to North to clear the stock. The above mentioned four core competences provide Crocs a critical competitive advantage at the market.

Organizational Change

Organizational Change Plan-Part One The use of mobile technology for health care professionals, including personal digital assistants (PDAs) has increased exponentially in both clinical practice and nursing education (Farrell & Rose, 2008). Some evidence exists that the use of a PDA in health care settings may improve decision-making, reduce the numbers of medical errors, and enhance learning for both students and professionals (Nilsson, 2008); for these reasons, the Learning Technology Committee (LTC) at Sinclair Community College (SCC) explored the benefits of nursing students using the PDA at the bedside in the clinical setting.The committee proposed a change, Project PDA, to implement the use of PDA among novice nursing students and faculty. The following paragraphs will focus on the assessment and plan of the Project PDA; and examine the rationale for the change, barriers to change, influences on change, application of a theoretical model and resources available to support t he change initiative. Rationale for Change Healthcare is a dynamic and evolving field of knowledge. Nursing students are trying to learn and implement this large amount of information at a rapid pace.Nursing students are generally unsure of their skills, feel insecure about their knowledge level, and lack self-confidence (Fisher & Koren, 2007). Many advantages have been seen with the use of the PDA, such as time savings, reduction of errors, and ease of use (Miller, Shaw-Kokot, Arnold, Boggin, Crowell, Allegri, Blue, & Berrier, 2005). Through the use of the PDA, it is thought, the nursing student will have reduced stress, fear, and improved self-confidence (Martin, 2007). Students will benefit from gaining immediate access to resources at the point of care, become more efficient, and spend more time focusing on patient care.PDAs will provide a bridge for students to apply theoretical learning to practice and foster the development of critical reasoning skills and professiona l autonomy. Nurse educators will need to develop creatively new, innovative models of teaching to keep up with changing society and technological advances in nursing practice (Jeffries, 2005). Adopting this new technological process will ensure SCC is keeping up with the trends of technology in nursing education. Organizational and Individual Barriers to Change Organizational change is a complicated process and is likely to be met with resistance.According to Borkowski (2005), resistance may originate from two sources: organizational barriers and individual barriers. These barriers threaten to impede change success. In an effort to avoid change failure, management must identify and understand potential barriers to change. Organizational barriers are typically beyond the control of management and may be perceived as insurmountable, which in the early stages of change can prove to be futile (Borkowski, 2005). Two potential organizational barriers to implementing Project PDA are cultur al complacency; and the lack of financial and technology resources.The first barrier was cultural complacency. Spector (2010) suggests that organizational culture may enable and create barriers to change. The nursing department has functioned like a well oiled machine as result of shared values and beliefs among faculty and students; subsequently creating a complacent atmosphere. Management must change the culture of the nursing department to engage faculty and students; and promote behaviors in line with the proposed change. The second barrier was the lack of financial and technology resources.The college was in the midst of a new levy campaign and there were no current funds allocated in the nursing department budget for technology improvements including the purchase of equipment. The college does not own PDAs for the students or faculty to use. No process was in place for technical support if students were to experience challenges with the device. The individual barriers identifi ed included lack of motivation, staff support, and computer competency. Faculty and students may lack motivation if they perceive the change will disrupt the status quo, or the preference for the current situation (Borkowski, 2005).The lack of support and acceptance of the new technology by other clinical staff and faculty is one of the key challenges of implementing new technology into educational programs (Farrell & Rose, 2008). Some students and faculty are computer literate, but many are less familiar and lack experience with computer systems. As a result, it will take time for students, faculty, and clinical staff to become comfortable with using the PDA. Factors of Influence The college’s readiness to change could lead to success or failure.The change itself is not the reason, but the organization’s culture of environment and the employees respect, trust, and attitude toward the management implementing the change (Krause, 2008). The attitudes of faculty and s tudents may directly affect how responsive and committed they will be to the change process. The factors of influence within any organization may originate or draw in part on the quality of leadership (Krause, 2008). The leaders must implement strategies to communicate the value of the change, establish a coalition, and empower all participants to become change agents.Theoretical Model Kurt Lewin’s change theory was the theoretical framework selected for analyzing the change process involved in adopting the use of PDAs in the clinical setting as planned in Project PDA. Lewin’s change theory identified three stages in the change process-unfreeze, move, and refreeze. To unfreeze leaders must create a sense of disequilibrium to motivate change. A pre-pilot survey completed by the LTC revealed students and faculty believed time management was the priority challenge for students in the clinical setting.PDA use is expected to improve time management skills. In stage two, cha nge is implemented. Students and faculty will be required to use the PDA during clinical for access required textbooks and other resources. The final stage, refreeze, the change is cemented into the organization’s culture (Spector, 2010). The LTC will evaluate the change process, communicate progress, maintain support structures, reinforce required behaviors and encourage continued commitment to sustain the change. Internal and External ResourcesBorkowski (2005) noted managers must be certain adequate resources are available to implement change and ensure organizational goals are met. The nursing department at SCC is fortunate to have access to internal and external resources needed to support efforts to implement Project PDA. A strong organizational structure facilitates collaboration within the department. Webinars will be used for faculty and student development. The nursing department secured grant funding to purchase 16 i-Touch devices for faculty. Students will use fina ncial aid to purchase the PDA and software undle. E-book resources will be made available through contracted publishing vendors. Learning and troubleshooting tutorials will be included with the software as well as the Sinclair Help Desk will be available for technical support. Information technology has integrated in the health care delivery systems to include the use of personal digital assistants (PDA) and other computer devices (Fisher & Koren, 2007). Teaching institutions are being challenged to keep up with the trends in technology and meet demands for use of hand held devices.In response to this challenge, SCC proposed to implement Project PDA. Students and faculty will begin using PDAs in the clinical setting. The use of these devices will provide real-time access to important resources enabling medical personnel and students to manage point of care activities more efficiently (Lee, 2006). As a result, students will be less stressed, more confident, and more competent hea lth care providers. Change may be complicated by organizational or individual barriers.The specific barriers were identified as cultural complacency, lack of financial and technology resources, employee motivation, staff support, and computer competency. Organizational change in the nursing department at SCC could be influenced by the nursing department’s readiness for change; and the attitudes of faculty, students, and clinical staff toward the change. The Kurt Lewin change theory was applied to Project PDA examining the three stages of the change process. Leaders at SCC have access to internal and external resources necessary to implement the proposed change.The presence of a solid organizational structure, access to grant funding, technology resource vendors, and on-site technical support will facilitate the success and sustainability of Project PDA. Organizational Change Organizational Change Plan-Part One The use of mobile technology for health care professionals, including personal digital assistants (PDAs) has increased exponentially in both clinical practice and nursing education (Farrell & Rose, 2008). Some evidence exists that the use of a PDA in health care settings may improve decision-making, reduce the numbers of medical errors, and enhance learning for both students and professionals (Nilsson, 2008); for these reasons, the Learning Technology Committee (LTC) at Sinclair Community College (SCC) explored the benefits of nursing students using the PDA at the bedside in the clinical setting.The committee proposed a change, Project PDA, to implement the use of PDA among novice nursing students and faculty. The following paragraphs will focus on the assessment and plan of the Project PDA; and examine the rationale for the change, barriers to change, influences on change, application of a theoretical model and resources available to support t he change initiative. Rationale for Change Healthcare is a dynamic and evolving field of knowledge. Nursing students are trying to learn and implement this large amount of information at a rapid pace.Nursing students are generally unsure of their skills, feel insecure about their knowledge level, and lack self-confidence (Fisher & Koren, 2007). Many advantages have been seen with the use of the PDA, such as time savings, reduction of errors, and ease of use (Miller, Shaw-Kokot, Arnold, Boggin, Crowell, Allegri, Blue, & Berrier, 2005). Through the use of the PDA, it is thought, the nursing student will have reduced stress, fear, and improved self-confidence (Martin, 2007). Students will benefit from gaining immediate access to resources at the point of care, become more efficient, and spend more time focusing on patient care.PDAs will provide a bridge for students to apply theoretical learning to practice and foster the development of critical reasoning skills and professiona l autonomy. Nurse educators will need to develop creatively new, innovative models of teaching to keep up with changing society and technological advances in nursing practice (Jeffries, 2005). Adopting this new technological process will ensure SCC is keeping up with the trends of technology in nursing education. Organizational and Individual Barriers to Change Organizational change is a complicated process and is likely to be met with resistance.According to Borkowski (2005), resistance may originate from two sources: organizational barriers and individual barriers. These barriers threaten to impede change success. In an effort to avoid change failure, management must identify and understand potential barriers to change. Organizational barriers are typically beyond the control of management and may be perceived as insurmountable, which in the early stages of change can prove to be futile (Borkowski, 2005). Two potential organizational barriers to implementing Project PDA are cultur al complacency; and the lack of financial and technology resources.The first barrier was cultural complacency. Spector (2010) suggests that organizational culture may enable and create barriers to change. The nursing department has functioned like a well oiled machine as result of shared values and beliefs among faculty and students; subsequently creating a complacent atmosphere. Management must change the culture of the nursing department to engage faculty and students; and promote behaviors in line with the proposed change. The second barrier was the lack of financial and technology resources.The college was in the midst of a new levy campaign and there were no current funds allocated in the nursing department budget for technology improvements including the purchase of equipment. The college does not own PDAs for the students or faculty to use. No process was in place for technical support if students were to experience challenges with the device. The individual barriers identifi ed included lack of motivation, staff support, and computer competency. Faculty and students may lack motivation if they perceive the change will disrupt the status quo, or the preference for the current situation (Borkowski, 2005).The lack of support and acceptance of the new technology by other clinical staff and faculty is one of the key challenges of implementing new technology into educational programs (Farrell & Rose, 2008). Some students and faculty are computer literate, but many are less familiar and lack experience with computer systems. As a result, it will take time for students, faculty, and clinical staff to become comfortable with using the PDA. Factors of Influence The college’s readiness to change could lead to success or failure.The change itself is not the reason, but the organization’s culture of environment and the employees respect, trust, and attitude toward the management implementing the change (Krause, 2008). The attitudes of faculty and s tudents may directly affect how responsive and committed they will be to the change process. The factors of influence within any organization may originate or draw in part on the quality of leadership (Krause, 2008). The leaders must implement strategies to communicate the value of the change, establish a coalition, and empower all participants to become change agents.Theoretical Model Kurt Lewin’s change theory was the theoretical framework selected for analyzing the change process involved in adopting the use of PDAs in the clinical setting as planned in Project PDA. Lewin’s change theory identified three stages in the change process-unfreeze, move, and refreeze. To unfreeze leaders must create a sense of disequilibrium to motivate change. A pre-pilot survey completed by the LTC revealed students and faculty believed time management was the priority challenge for students in the clinical setting.PDA use is expected to improve time management skills. In stage two, cha nge is implemented. Students and faculty will be required to use the PDA during clinical for access required textbooks and other resources. The final stage, refreeze, the change is cemented into the organization’s culture (Spector, 2010). The LTC will evaluate the change process, communicate progress, maintain support structures, reinforce required behaviors and encourage continued commitment to sustain the change. Internal and External ResourcesBorkowski (2005) noted managers must be certain adequate resources are available to implement change and ensure organizational goals are met. The nursing department at SCC is fortunate to have access to internal and external resources needed to support efforts to implement Project PDA. A strong organizational structure facilitates collaboration within the department. Webinars will be used for faculty and student development. The nursing department secured grant funding to purchase 16 i-Touch devices for faculty. Students will use fina ncial aid to purchase the PDA and software undle. E-book resources will be made available through contracted publishing vendors. Learning and troubleshooting tutorials will be included with the software as well as the Sinclair Help Desk will be available for technical support. Information technology has integrated in the health care delivery systems to include the use of personal digital assistants (PDA) and other computer devices (Fisher & Koren, 2007). Teaching institutions are being challenged to keep up with the trends in technology and meet demands for use of hand held devices.In response to this challenge, SCC proposed to implement Project PDA. Students and faculty will begin using PDAs in the clinical setting. The use of these devices will provide real-time access to important resources enabling medical personnel and students to manage point of care activities more efficiently (Lee, 2006). As a result, students will be less stressed, more confident, and more competent hea lth care providers. Change may be complicated by organizational or individual barriers.The specific barriers were identified as cultural complacency, lack of financial and technology resources, employee motivation, staff support, and computer competency. Organizational change in the nursing department at SCC could be influenced by the nursing department’s readiness for change; and the attitudes of faculty, students, and clinical staff toward the change. The Kurt Lewin change theory was applied to Project PDA examining the three stages of the change process. Leaders at SCC have access to internal and external resources necessary to implement the proposed change.The presence of a solid organizational structure, access to grant funding, technology resource vendors, and on-site technical support will facilitate the success and sustainability of Project PDA. Organizational Change Organizational Change Plan-Part One The use of mobile technology for health care professionals, including personal digital assistants (PDAs) has increased exponentially in both clinical practice and nursing education (Farrell & Rose, 2008). Some evidence exists that the use of a PDA in health care settings may improve decision-making, reduce the numbers of medical errors, and enhance learning for both students and professionals (Nilsson, 2008); for these reasons, the Learning Technology Committee (LTC) at Sinclair Community College (SCC) explored the benefits of nursing students using the PDA at the bedside in the clinical setting.The committee proposed a change, Project PDA, to implement the use of PDA among novice nursing students and faculty. The following paragraphs will focus on the assessment and plan of the Project PDA; and examine the rationale for the change, barriers to change, influences on change, application of a theoretical model and resources available to support t he change initiative. Rationale for Change Healthcare is a dynamic and evolving field of knowledge. Nursing students are trying to learn and implement this large amount of information at a rapid pace.Nursing students are generally unsure of their skills, feel insecure about their knowledge level, and lack self-confidence (Fisher & Koren, 2007). Many advantages have been seen with the use of the PDA, such as time savings, reduction of errors, and ease of use (Miller, Shaw-Kokot, Arnold, Boggin, Crowell, Allegri, Blue, & Berrier, 2005). Through the use of the PDA, it is thought, the nursing student will have reduced stress, fear, and improved self-confidence (Martin, 2007). Students will benefit from gaining immediate access to resources at the point of care, become more efficient, and spend more time focusing on patient care.PDAs will provide a bridge for students to apply theoretical learning to practice and foster the development of critical reasoning skills and professiona l autonomy. Nurse educators will need to develop creatively new, innovative models of teaching to keep up with changing society and technological advances in nursing practice (Jeffries, 2005). Adopting this new technological process will ensure SCC is keeping up with the trends of technology in nursing education. Organizational and Individual Barriers to Change Organizational change is a complicated process and is likely to be met with resistance.According to Borkowski (2005), resistance may originate from two sources: organizational barriers and individual barriers. These barriers threaten to impede change success. In an effort to avoid change failure, management must identify and understand potential barriers to change. Organizational barriers are typically beyond the control of management and may be perceived as insurmountable, which in the early stages of change can prove to be futile (Borkowski, 2005). Two potential organizational barriers to implementing Project PDA are cultur al complacency; and the lack of financial and technology resources.The first barrier was cultural complacency. Spector (2010) suggests that organizational culture may enable and create barriers to change. The nursing department has functioned like a well oiled machine as result of shared values and beliefs among faculty and students; subsequently creating a complacent atmosphere. Management must change the culture of the nursing department to engage faculty and students; and promote behaviors in line with the proposed change. The second barrier was the lack of financial and technology resources.The college was in the midst of a new levy campaign and there were no current funds allocated in the nursing department budget for technology improvements including the purchase of equipment. The college does not own PDAs for the students or faculty to use. No process was in place for technical support if students were to experience challenges with the device. The individual barriers identifi ed included lack of motivation, staff support, and computer competency. Faculty and students may lack motivation if they perceive the change will disrupt the status quo, or the preference for the current situation (Borkowski, 2005).The lack of support and acceptance of the new technology by other clinical staff and faculty is one of the key challenges of implementing new technology into educational programs (Farrell & Rose, 2008). Some students and faculty are computer literate, but many are less familiar and lack experience with computer systems. As a result, it will take time for students, faculty, and clinical staff to become comfortable with using the PDA. Factors of Influence The college’s readiness to change could lead to success or failure.The change itself is not the reason, but the organization’s culture of environment and the employees respect, trust, and attitude toward the management implementing the change (Krause, 2008). The attitudes of faculty and s tudents may directly affect how responsive and committed they will be to the change process. The factors of influence within any organization may originate or draw in part on the quality of leadership (Krause, 2008). The leaders must implement strategies to communicate the value of the change, establish a coalition, and empower all participants to become change agents.Theoretical Model Kurt Lewin’s change theory was the theoretical framework selected for analyzing the change process involved in adopting the use of PDAs in the clinical setting as planned in Project PDA. Lewin’s change theory identified three stages in the change process-unfreeze, move, and refreeze. To unfreeze leaders must create a sense of disequilibrium to motivate change. A pre-pilot survey completed by the LTC revealed students and faculty believed time management was the priority challenge for students in the clinical setting.PDA use is expected to improve time management skills. In stage two, cha nge is implemented. Students and faculty will be required to use the PDA during clinical for access required textbooks and other resources. The final stage, refreeze, the change is cemented into the organization’s culture (Spector, 2010). The LTC will evaluate the change process, communicate progress, maintain support structures, reinforce required behaviors and encourage continued commitment to sustain the change. Internal and External ResourcesBorkowski (2005) noted managers must be certain adequate resources are available to implement change and ensure organizational goals are met. The nursing department at SCC is fortunate to have access to internal and external resources needed to support efforts to implement Project PDA. A strong organizational structure facilitates collaboration within the department. Webinars will be used for faculty and student development. The nursing department secured grant funding to purchase 16 i-Touch devices for faculty. Students will use fina ncial aid to purchase the PDA and software undle. E-book resources will be made available through contracted publishing vendors. Learning and troubleshooting tutorials will be included with the software as well as the Sinclair Help Desk will be available for technical support. Information technology has integrated in the health care delivery systems to include the use of personal digital assistants (PDA) and other computer devices (Fisher & Koren, 2007). Teaching institutions are being challenged to keep up with the trends in technology and meet demands for use of hand held devices.In response to this challenge, SCC proposed to implement Project PDA. Students and faculty will begin using PDAs in the clinical setting. The use of these devices will provide real-time access to important resources enabling medical personnel and students to manage point of care activities more efficiently (Lee, 2006). As a result, students will be less stressed, more confident, and more competent hea lth care providers. Change may be complicated by organizational or individual barriers.The specific barriers were identified as cultural complacency, lack of financial and technology resources, employee motivation, staff support, and computer competency. Organizational change in the nursing department at SCC could be influenced by the nursing department’s readiness for change; and the attitudes of faculty, students, and clinical staff toward the change. The Kurt Lewin change theory was applied to Project PDA examining the three stages of the change process. Leaders at SCC have access to internal and external resources necessary to implement the proposed change.The presence of a solid organizational structure, access to grant funding, technology resource vendors, and on-site technical support will facilitate the success and sustainability of Project PDA.

Catholics opposing views on abortion over History Research Paper

Catholics opposing views on abortion over History - Research Paper Example The early Christians were opposed to abortion because it exposed the unborn babies thus making them die. Abortion was condemned with disregarding to what stage of the pregnancy it was carried out in the first three centuries of Christianity. This can be captured in Tertullian writings in 197AD that† it does not matter whether you take away life that is born or destroy one that is coming to birth. In both instances, destruction is murder.† The council of Ancyra (314) is said to have referred to an ancient law that excommunicated women that aborted their children deliberately. (life.org.nz, 2011) The second mention of abortion is in a theological tract known as the Epistle of the pseudo-Barnabas which was written in about 138 and highly regarded by the theologians of Alexandria. The author of this publication treats abortion as corollary to the law of fraternal charity which was in existence. This can be captured in the written statements that, â€Å"You shall love your ne ighbor more than your own life. You shall not slay the child by abortion.† (catholicculture.org, 2011) Athenagoras who was an Athenian philosopher states in a letter he writes to Marcus Aurelius (177) that â€Å"All those who use abortifacients are homicides and they will have to account to God for their abortions as well as the killing of men†. ... arly church councils established strong precedents in history in relation to matters of abortion which were later ratified and strengthened by the council of Chalcendon in 415 and Consillium Quinisextum in 692. During the early period of foundation of Christianity, there were many writers who condemned abortion as a gravel evil. These include Christians writer like Hippolytus (235), Cyprian (258), St Ambrose, Bishop of Milan (375), St Jerome (d. 420), St Augustine(d. 430), Caesarius, the Bishop of Arles(d. 543), and St Martin of Braga(580). The first collection of church laws that were promulgated with the authority of pope for the universal church was The Decretals of Pope Gregory IX in 1324. These laws list one canon that describes a murderer as one who procures an abortion. The decrials emphasized the idea of formed and unformed so as to determine the kind of penalties that applied for this type of crime. From the 13 century and the other succeeding centuries, the council of churc hes in existence continued to condemn abortion. (catholicculture.org, 2011) In 1588, the first papal legislation that was meant to bring into play penal sanction against abortion came into existence and was referred to EFFRAENATAM of Pope Sixtus V who reigned in the period 1585-1590. In 1591, Pope Gregory XIV altered slightly the constitution of Sixtus V so as to apply harsher punishments among those that caused abortion of animated fetus (a fetus whose movement could be felt). In spite of the changes to the constitution, the seriousness of abortion offences were emphasized (Haney, 2008, p 24). Not until in the 18th century when Martin Luther king led a reformation from the Catholic Church, most Catholics were united and accepted the Magisterium authority and condemnation of abortion. In

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 31

Assignment - Essay Example The River Woods facility is projected to be more automated with recent technology in production of appliances (Cameron). This will also ensure that the facility produces more at the least cost while using the least human resource power. The organizational structure of River Woods facility is also under review and most of the top official agree that the facility should be managed by a general manager. The new manager under the proposal is likely to face the following challenges. One of the challenges is the new manager may become overworked. The manager is also likely to face resistance from the subordinates due to the new kind of leadership. The manager may also face communication problems, which are likely to be brought out by the organizational structure and the changes in technology at River Woods. The manger is also likely to become ‘bossy’ since he/she will be ata position of making some of the important decisions in the company. Operating River Wood facility will require a manager who is willing and more able to meet the objectives of the company. In order to manage effectively one is required to have the ability to control others and influence their decision. Owning the position of a manger automatically gives one the legitimate power to assign and give duties in addition to commanding what takes place in the organization. The other source of power the manager at River Woods is likely to exercise is the expert power based on his knowledge and his level of education. The skills he possesses will be able to influence his/her subordinates regarding the control of operations at the facility. The ability of the new manager to socialize and cultivate a good relationship with the subordinates will give him/her referent power. The interpersonal skills and good relationship in an organization always provides a company with the ability to attain its objectives. The new manager will obtain power by being

Experiences and Benefits of Profound Experiential Education Essay

Experiences and Benefits of Profound Experiential Education - Essay Example The paper tells that when personal well-being is on the line people tend to lay differences aside to cooperate. At the accomplishment of a particular task, some would revert to introverted behavior while others would revel in the victory. Nevertheless, the threat of discomfort as caused by natural consequences is one good motivator to help people who are not such team players get into the habit of becoming an integral part of a group effort. We learned how to communicate effectively. Again, the impetus for the preservation or accusation of creature comforts often motives people who are not so inclined toward effective communication to delve past their own insufficiencies in language and non-verbal behavior. Those who are given to meaningless small talk in daily society find that perpetual commentary on their own thought patterns is radically unnecessary. Those who are given to silence find that in order to negotiate the path of least resistance toward a goal they must speak up from t ime to time. This is the nature of nature. It tends to bring about certain survival behaviors while quelling those that are not so helpful to individual survival. We learned to respect each other's individuality. We differed in origins. We differed in personalities. We differed physically. We differed in knowledge. We differed in skills.

What is global sourcing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What is global sourcing - Assignment Example Global sourcing is important due to the fact that it broadens the knowledge on how to conduct businesses in other countries (Schneid, 2010). In addition, global sourcing is always cheaper than producing the goods and services on one’s own. Furthermore, global sourcing leads to reciprocating of trade. For instance, it ensures both buying as well as selling an organization at the same time (Sollish and Semanik, 2011). This leads to creation of a mutually beneficial economic bond between the companies involved in the transaction, as well as, create strong business relations between the countries involved. Global sourcing also allows a nation to tap into the raw materials of other nations, at lower costs under the cover of trade relations (Oshri and Global Sourcing Workshop, 2010). This is very beneficial if the buying nation has limited resources, or if it is in need of preserving its resources. These are some of the reasons as to why a company based in the United States would choose to purchase items and services from foreign

Is Marxs analysis of capitalism still valid today Essay

Is Marxs analysis of capitalism still valid today - Essay Example These among other economic predictions are some of the reasons that supplement Marx’s relevance in the present time. The ideology of the social structures and economic interests dictate the political movements and intellectual conceptions of the people. This fact is evident in many circumstances in the present day. The political parties nowadays are controlled by the association of certain members of the public with clear and similar goals. These parties with a particular member associations define the economic state of the nation considering the people they represent. Marx developed this theory in 1840 so as to explain the different systems of royalism that France had that were affecting the social structure. In Marx’s view, he claimed that the economic interests revolved around the social groups (Schumpeter 2013, p. 20). Politically, it is possible to rise to power through reaching out to these groups and changing the economic status of a nation will certainly affect these groups. In the last presidential elections of the united states of America the tea party which supported the candidate mitt Romney was formed as a result of being fed up from the taxes of the Obama administration. The tea party started as a social group that were of the opinion they were being taxed more than the usual and the fruits of their taxes were not being experienced. This led to an association of people who wanted to change their financial status, through the changing of the political setup to attain the economic interests of the members (Sperber 2013 ). This is an example of the current events that are applicable to the theories that Marx put out in assessing the leadership of a place relative to the economic status of the region. The labor theory of value is also a Marx ideology which tends to describe the pricing of a commodity in relation to the cost of labor induced in production. A commodity

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Managing Work Activities - Assignment Example Accounting and finance is concerned with an analysis of the budget in the business in order to minimize costs and maximize savings. Finally, the Legal function takes care of any business contracts with all stakeholders, and also deals with compliance with domestic and international standards. All these functions complement each other especially following Nokia’s organizational structure. The office of the CFO ensures that there are enough funds to fund the budget and pay the staffs, thus making sure that the human resource and finance functions. Availability of funds and personnel eases the processes of marketing and customer service, since there are more people to do the work. By knowing what the consumer wants, the company is able to come up with products that meet the set legal standards, while also pleasing the customer. Q2: Explain the functionality of three departments of an engineering business of your choice, (which could be the engineering business established in assi gnment 1). Explain the importance and effects of each function on the operation of the company as a whole. The department for designing is the most significant in Nokia. This department determines the look of Nokia products, in addition to their various functionalities. Accordingly, this department has to create products that are appealing to the consumer, yet they are affordable and have high functionality. According to the Nokia website, the design department houses the solutions unit which is tasked with coming up with practical products that have varied content and are able to meet the personalized need of the consumer. Essentially, Nokia’s products should be able to offer solutions to some consumer needs, for example, the need to access the internet using a mobile device. While doing this, the design department needs to maintain low operational costs so that the company maximizes profits. It is the design department that ensures that Nokia stays in the market, by designi ng products that offer a competitive advantage with Nokia’s rivals. Without the designing department, Nokia would not be able to compete with other manufacturers, in the production of state-of-the-art products. Fundamentally, the design department is the one that ensures that Nokia remains relevant in the business, thus assuring the company’s survival. The human resource department is a very important department, since it is charged with the recruitment, training and sometimes, retraining of personnel. According to Griffin, a company needs to identify future human resource need s and recruit accordingly (232). Without this department, Nokia, and any other company would not be able to run operations, since machines cannot operate themselves. Human resource ensures that people with the right qualifications are employed and that they are trained to meet the standards at Nokia. Without the right workforce, Nokia would not be able to battle in the global market which has be come increasingly competitive in recent years. The sales and marketing department at Nokia ensures that the company has proper sales channels through engaging in product branding and promotional activities. In the current

Effictive team and performance management Essay

Effictive team and performance management - Essay Example Challenges such as unsuccessful problem solving, non-functioning team diversities and most common, motivation among the team members are inevitable in a team (Keyes, 2004; p. 1282). In this group, group problems were tackled and embraced accordingly by all responsible team members. A leader or a manager must moderate problem solving. In this respect, the team decided anonymously that I should be their leader. In the entire exercise, the team passed through all phases of team formation inclusive of forming, norming and storming phases (Tuckman, 1965; p. 385). Being a leader is never an easy experience. It becomes even more difficult when one is dealing with a dynamic group. Therefore, I had to use my interpersonal skills such creativity, flexibility, passion and self-competence as put forward by Goleman (2002; p. 251). Concerning passion, I had a feeling that emotional intelligence was instrumental in uniting the team members towards our mission. Concurrently, there are areas where I felt I lacked the necessary knowledge to offer guidance to the team. Hence, I learnt admitting the lack of knowledge or expertise was very significant. Some of the skills I thought I did not possess at all came handy to my surprise. For example, timely arrival and staying patient to the end of a discussion was fundamental during the field exercise. I have known by friends as a poor listener but my team experience gave me a limelight to be the best and active listener. Though there were members who felt they were entitled to dominate the discussion, I was quite equipped in this area. First, I studied their personality and eventually learnt ways of managing them. In fact according to Richard & Lynn (2007; p. 187), studying every group member within the shortest time possible is very essential. Following my experience in this group, I learnt that working towards building trust among team members was significant in managing the group. Taking responsibility for actions is vital in buildi ng trust among the members. To err is human and mistakes committed must be admitted to ensure an amicable solution is achieved. I learnt member’s involvement in different tasks was significant in achieving a formidable solution to the tasks. Likewise, allowing the group to make rules during the lifetime of the group is also very important (Monge & Contractor, 2003; p. 57). In this manner, the group will not feel dictated upon when certain decisions concerning them are to be made. At the time of making the rules, expectations of every team member must be noted with transparency it requires. In addition, it came to my grasp that my expectations of the team members were to be made clear to help build a cohesive team. Most importantly, I felt it was important for my connection with the group. Satisfying the group’s self-interest was a major force in creating strong interpersonal relationships (Laura, 2008; p. 387). I had an obligation to empathize with certain emotional is sues experienced by some of the group members. Ignoring some of the issues, which one may term as ‘petty’, was no constructive at all. Behaving in this manner was liable to the downfall of the team and the whole mission. Driving the mission to success must be the ultimate goal. However, a mission cannot be driven to success when other members are completely lost from the group. I was aware that every member had a right to express his or her plight during

Cannabis and Food Service Essay Example for Free

Cannabis and Food Service Essay Introduction I.Attention-Grabbing introduction: According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, a recent government survey shows that over 98 million Americans over the age of 12 have tried marijuana at least once in their lifetime. II.Preview of 3 Main Points: Today I am going to give you information about marijuana legalization. There are three main points to touch on. First, what is marijuana and how does it affect humans. Second, when and why did marijuana become illegal? Third and finally, I will speak about the trend of states legalizing marijuana for medical purposes. Thesis/Specific Purpose Statement: Using these three points, I am going to attempt to inform you about marijuana and the movement to legalize it. Body I.Point One: What is marijuana and how does it affect humans? A.Sub-point A: According to WebMD, marijuana, or cannabis sativa, is a naturally occurring plant that contains several psychoactive ingredients, including delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). B.Sub-point B: When THC reaches the brain, it induces relaxation and a feeling of euphoria. It also typically heightens the senses and relieves pain. Transition Now that we know what marijuana is, let’s look at when and why it became illegal in the United States. II.Point Two: When did marijuana become illegal in the United States? A. Sub-point A: According to an article published in Fortune magazine, marijuana has been utilized by human civilizations for thousands of years. It has been a part of western medicine since the early 19th century. B. Sub-point B: Starting in the early 1900’s, states began outlawing cannabis because it had become associated with violence and psychosis. C. Sub-point C: In 1937, through the Marihuana Tax Act, the federal government effectively outlawed marijuana, in spite of objections by the American Medical Association. Transition: So, we have looked at what marijuana is, as well as when it became illegal in the United States. Let’s finally look at the current trend of states legalizing marijuana for medicinal purposes. III.Point Three: More and more states are enacting legislation that legalizes medical marijuana. A. Sub-point A: According to the USA Today, when New Jersey passed medical marijuana legislation in 2010, it became the 14th state to legalize marijuana in some form. B. Sub-point B: In addition to this, there are another 14 states that are currently considering legislation that will either legalize medical marijuana or decriminalize possession of personal amounts. Conclusion A.Summary Statement / 3 main points thesis: In review, first we looked at what marijuana is as well as its effects on the human brain, second we saw when and how marijuana was prohibited in the U.S. and third, we looked at the growing number of states that have legalized or decriminalized marijuana. B.Statement tying introduction to conclusion: With a large portion of Americans having tried marijuana, and more and more states considering legislation, it seems that the time has come for a serious debate about the legality of marijuana. Sample Outline Goal: To convince listeners that the often-criticized Campus Food Service is really quite good. Introduction I. How many times have we, as students, complained about Campus Food Service and decided to order in or go out after having previewed that day’s menu? II. By showing how the Food Service on campus keeps costs to a minimum, keeps offering a good variety, and keeps maintaining high quality standards, I am going to prove that Campus Food Service is the best meal program for students. Thesis/Specific Purpose Statement: Campus Food Service is vastly underrated. Body I.Cost is not a valid complaint. A. According Myer Tempel, an outside review company, no one is getting rich off Food Service, since proceeds are divided among utilities, labor, wages, and the cost of food. B. An informal survey shows that Campus Food is comparable in price to local restaurants. Transition: Now that we’ve talked about the cost of the food, let’s move to quality of the food itself. II.Taste is not a valid complaint. A. According to Matt Davis, the Campus Foods coordinator, and supported by Myer Tempel, all foods served are Grade A, fresh daily, and never reused under any circumstances. B. Every Friday night, Campus Foods has an â€Å"international dinner night,† taking us from Latin America to Italy to China. Transition: In addition to preferring tasty food, students also wish for a variety of foods to choose from. III.Lack of variety is not a valid complaint. A. Every day, Food Service offers three entrees and a vegetarian meal, not to mention a salad bar option, breads, soups, and a dessert bar. B. Although Food Service serves a lot of chicken and fish, Myer Tempel says this is because students have requested healthier sources of protein. Conclusion: I. Through consistent efforts to charge students a low price, maintain fresh, tasty standards, and offer a wide variety of food, Campus Food Service is a fair, affordable way for students at the university to dine. II. We are just left with one problem: now that we know all the benefits of eating at Food Service, what are we going to complain about at dinner?

Balance Disability After Stroke

Balance Disability After Stroke Balance disability is common after stroke. The aims of this study were to investigate the frequency of balance disability; to characterize different levels of disability; and to identify demographics, stroke pathology factors, and impairments associated with balance disability. The subjects studied were 75 people with a first-time anterior circulation stroke; 37 subjects were men, the mean age was 71.5 years and 46 subjects had left hemiplegia. Prospective hospital-based cross-sectional surveys were carried. The subjects’ stroke pathology, demographics, balance disability, function, and neurologic impairments were recorded in a single testing session 2 to 4 weeks after stroke. A total of 83% of the subjects had a balance disability; of these, 27% could sit but not stand, 40% could stand but not step, and 33% could step and walk but still had limited balance. The most severe balance disability had more severe strokes, impairments, and disabilities. Weakness and sensation were a ssociated with balance disability. Demographics, stroke pathology, and visuospatial neglect were not associated with balance disability. The most severe balance disability had the most severe strokes, impairments, and disabilities. Demographics, stroke pathology, and visuospatial neglect were not associated with balance disability. They were excluded if they had another mobility limiting neurological condition or bilateral weakness. Data were collected in a single measurement session at the hospital bedside or physical therapy treatment gym by 1 of 4 assessors (2 senior neurologic physical therapists and 2 geriatricians). The demographics, neurologic impairments, functional and pathologic data were obtained. The average of the scores for the upper and lower limbs is taken to provide a total score for the hemiplegic side; the total score was used in this study. Thirteen subjects scored the maximum of 12 on the BBA (step-ups without hand support) and could complete all of the balance tasks. Of the remaining 62 with balance disabilities, 17 could sit but not stand , 25 could stand but not step and walk (, and 20 could step but still had limited balance. There was marked heterogeneity among subjects with different levels of balance ability . There were no differences in the demographic characteristics or the side of stroke for subjects with different levels of balance disability (sitting, standing, or stepping balance). Subjects in the sitting balance group had more severe neurologic impairments, disabilities, and strokes than subjects with limited standing or stepping balance. Conversely, subjects in the stepping balance group were less severely impaired and disabled and had milder strokes than subjects with limited sitting or standing balance. There were significant differences among the 3 groups for weakness, independence, and severity of s troke. More subjects in the sitting balance group had neglect and sustained a hemorrhage (rather than infarct) than subjects in the standing balance group or the stepping balance group. Subjects in the sitting balance and standing balance groups had worse sensation than subjects in the stepping balance group. Individual linear regression modeling revealed that none of the demographic or stroke pathology factors (age, sex, premorbid disability, side of stroke, or stroke type) was associated with balance disability. All of the impairments (weakness, sensation, and neglect) were significantly associated with balance disability. Although rehabilitation of balance and mobility often has been identified as an important goal of stroke rehabilitation, this is the first detailed descriptive study of balance disability after stroke. We found that more than 80% of subjects who had first-time strokes, who were admitted to the hospital, and who met the inclusion criteria had balance disability in the acute phase, with similar numbers of subjects having limited sitting balance, standing balance, and stepping balance. There were marked differences in the severity of stroke, impairments, and disability among subjects with different levels of balance ability. Subjects in the sitting balance group had more severe strokes and impairments and were more dependent than subjects in the standing balance and stepping balance groups, and subjects in the stepping different balance abilities, a measure of balance disability may be a useful predictive tool in the clinical setting and for use as a stratification tool for further rese arch. Moreover, level of balance ability (sitting, standing, or stepping balance) is meaningful to clinicians, patients, and their relatives, and a robust measurement tool (BBA) that is quick and easy to use has been developed. Brunel Balance Assessment (BBA) is a reliable, valid measure of balance disability after stroke. It was good that. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Reliability and validity for use with people with stroke have been demonstrated. The study failed to find a relationship between age, sex, or side of stroke and balance disability. It is important to know which factors influence a patient’s balance abilities most strongly so that they can be targeted during rehabilitation. A total of 21 subjects had visuospatial neglect. A total of 55 subjects had no previous disability. Spasticity was not included in the present study because of the lack of a robust measurement tool, but many physical therapists believe this to be an important contributor to loss of balance and function after stroke. Tests of eyesight and cognitive factors, such as speed of information processing, also could be considered. The relationship between balance impairments and balance disability also needs to be clarified by including measures of balance impairments in future, more detailed studies. Although the above details, it must be emphasized that all people who were admitted to over the course of 1 year, who met the inclusion criteria, and who were willing to participate. I therefore believe that the findings have general relevance to the population of people with balance disability after first-time stroke. The present study has indicated that weakness and sensation have the most impact on balance. A surprising finding was that neglect was not associated with balance disability. This finding indicates that neglect may be related to the severity of balance disability because it is associated with other impairments (weakness and sensory loss); therefore, people with neglect probably have poor balance. There was no blindness in the study and no external validity was measured. Previously 55 participant’s were no any disability Further studies with a power calculation to ensure that sufficient numbers are recruited to detect balance group had milder strokes, less impairment, and greater independence than subjects in the other groups. Given the heterogeneity among subjects with a difference, should one exist, are needed to investigate this issue. Future studies need to consider which other factors may affect balance disability. Large sample are needed to further test the hypothesis that balance level in the acute stages could be a useful, meaningful prognostic indicator of recovery.

Participative Management Essays -- essays research papers fc

Participative management is a new approach in the work force today. Job enrichment, quality circles, and self-managing work teams are just some of the approaches. Companies share a common goal of increasing employee involvement. They want to raise the quality, performance, and productivity of their workers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The questions that follow will be answered in this paper. What is participative management? What are the advantages of participative management? How does it raise quality, productivity, and performance? How can it be successfully started, implemented, and sustained? What are the results of experiments done in the work force? Participative management is a process by which a company attempts to increase the potential of its employees by involving them in decisions affecting their work lives. A distinguishing characteristic of the process is that its goals are not simply acquired, they focus on the improvement of productivity and efficiency, but they are also fulfilling and self-enhancing in themselves. The key goals of employee involvement programs is to enhance the quality of the employees’ working life, management must be responsive to the requests of the employees. The best way to ascertain those requests is to ask employees.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If workers can be motivated and given the opportunity to participate in the search for improved methods of job performance, and if this motivation and participation can be maintained over time, job performance should improve. Productivity is higher in companies with an organized program of worker participation. Employee participation can and does raise productivity. The most appropriate form will vary from company to company but participation works only when both parties want it to work. The solution to America’s pathetic productivity growth isn’t necessarily more capital spending (Lewis & Renn, 1992). People tend to accomplish what they decide they want to accomplish. Ideas, changes, suggestions and recommendations that are generated by the people who implement them stand a much greater chance of being successfully implemented. In theory, people who have a hand in making a decision are better motivated to execute it. Participation can improve the quality of decision making. Participative management appears to offer tremendous advantages... ...rcles, gainsharing, and self-managing teams because they are trying to change the entire organization, not just a few plants or a few practices (Lawler, 1986). The work place of the future will require greater emphasis on such key human resource factors as participative management, training programs, and teamwork. Employee involvement and participative initiatives are likely to expand considerably over the next several years in United States businesses. If they are to remain competitive in the marketplace and survive with the intense overseas challenges awaiting them, worker involvement and these initiatives must be present. Bibliography Lawler III, E. (1986). High-Involvement Management. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc., Publishers. Lewis, J. & Renn, L. (1992). How To Start A Participative Management Program: Ten Easy Steps. Interlochen: Lewis & Renn Associates, Inc. Schuller, T. (1985). Democracy at Work. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sirianni, C. (1987). Worker Participation and the Politics of Reform. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Warner, M. (1984). Organizations and Experiments: Designing New Ways of Managing Work. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

The Modern Day Gikuyun Farmer :: Economics Kenya Agriculture Essays

The Modern Day Gikuyun Farmer The following are excerpts from a research project undertaken by Ramya Bavikatte on her Washington Semester at American University. Ramya traveled with her class to Kenya, where she learned more about the issues of small holder agriculture and the Gikuyun farmer. The purpose of this research project is to study the economic and social implications of smallholder agriculture in Kenya. The shift of smallholders from subsistence farming to cash crop farming created significant changes in the standards of living, social security, reproduction, and the sexual division of labor. With the strong social impact of commercial farming, many Kenyans are wondering whether they are materially better or worse off than they were thirty five years ago. One of the most evident ways in which commercial agriculture affects the Kenyan people is through ecological and land degradation. Due to the ever-increasing pressures put on the land, frequent aridity has led to greater risk of a bad harvest or even famine. Food relief to Kenya has become more common, therefore elevating the dependency on donor countries. Since a well-organized system of providing social security does not exist in Kenya, the best assurance of economic security comes through the ownership of land. In addition to the land security, commercial agriculture provides an inlet for added security through market extensions. Market extensions aid farmers and their families by providing loan and investment services. Unfortunately, the population boom in Kenya, as everywhere in Africa, means less land and agricultural opportunities; consequently, the increased rural density has forced people to seek work in the cities. Although the city dwellers have more control over their work conditions, they are by no means financially stable since the work will inevitably be in the informal sector. All the needs of the city dwellers must be met by cash payments, of which they rarely have enough. Perhaps commercial agriculture is not entirely to blame for the population boom. It could be considered, however, as a catalyst for industrializatio n. Industrialization coupled with commercial agriculture will exacerbate social tensions already in existence among the Kenyan people. Any shift towards higher productivity or income growth in the population as a whole must increase the range of wealth differences. Unfortunately, the economic gap between the North and South grows as wealth continues to transfer of the North's sector. The Natural Environment of the Gikuyu Farmer Gikuyuland makes up a large portion of the great East African plateau.

Male and Female Travelers Essay -- Compare Contrast Gender Writing Na

Male and Female Travelers While reading Helen Maria Williams' "A Tour in Switzerland" and William Coxe's "Sketches of the Natural, Civil, and Political State of Swisserland," I find myself captivated by Williams' description of the Rhine Falls, while feeling indifferent by Coxe's account of the same landscape. It strikes me how much the Rhine Falls influences Williams' emotions and her avid imagination, yet it seems to have a subtle effect on Coxe. In her introduction, Williams mentions that "the descriptive parts of this journal were rapidly traced with the ardour of a fond imagination, eager to seize the vivid colouring of the moment ere it fled, and give permanence to the emotions of admiration, while the solemn enthusiasm beat high in [her] bosom" (vol. I, i). Coxe, on the other hand, seems to approach all that he sees with a detached attitude - he is simply there to observe the scenery, not dwell emotionally and spiritually within it. The obvious differences between Williams' and Coxe's approach towards the Rhine Falls show the contrast between what female and male writers value the most in their travels. Williams easily immerses herself into the magic of the moment in front of the Rhine Falls, while Coxe shows a more aloof reaction towards the Rhine Falls, preferring, instead, to observe the Rhine Falls and its surrounding areas as a whole. Both Williams and Coxe approach Switzerland differently. Before traveling to the Rhine Falls, Williams already has preconceived expectations and fantasies about what Switzerland is like: "I [am] going to contemplate that interesting country, of which I have never heard without emotion! - I am going to gaze upon images of nature, images of which the idea has so often swelled my ... ...s more on how the landscape will benefit them intellectually. For example, William' encounter with the Rhine Falls results in her developing an attachment to the majestic grandeur of the cataract, and she feels the cataract possesses a power that is far beyond the comprehension of mankind. Coxe, on the other hand, maintains a detached attitude towards the Rhine Falls. To Coxe, the Rhine Falls is only one of the objects that make up the sublimity of the landscape. Works Cited Coxe, William. Sketches of the Natural, Civil, and Political State of Swisserland. A Series of Letters to William Melmoth, Esq. London: J. Dodsley, 1779. Williams, Helen Maria. A Tour in Switzerland. A View of the Present State of the Government and Manners of Those Cantons: With Comparative Sketches of the Present State of Paris, 2 vols. London: G. G. and J. Robinson, 1798.

A New Design Based Software Coupling Metric

A New Design Based Software Coupling Metric 001.png">ABsTRaNutmeg State—Thymineheincreasinanogramdemandfield-grade officerRsofttungstenarhenium QUalitymvitamin EasUrvitamin Emvitamin ENational Trusts HasledTOvitamin EtenTnutsIVvitamin ERvitamin Esvitamin EaRdegree CelsiussHIntosofttungstenarheniummvitamin ETRhode Islanddegree CelsiusssaneodymiumTheDelawaresVELOPmvitamin ENTOdegree FahrenheitsOdegree FahrenheitTtungstenarheniummvitamin ETricexcessivelycubic decimeters.CReating degree CelsiusOmPONvitamin ENational TruststungstenhicharheniumRvitamin EUsable issvitamin Evitamin ENasONeOdegree FahrenheitThebesT Pradegree CelsiussTiceininvitamin DUsTrytovitamin Day.ThymineOdegree CelsiussRvitamin Eatvitamin ERvitamin EUsabledegree CelsiussOmPONvitamin ENational TrustsThe depenvitamin Dvitamin Ency beTtungstenvitamin Evitamin ENvitamin Eachdegree CelsiussOmPONvitamin ENational TrustsHOuldbeascubic decimeterOtungstenas POUS Secret ServiceIBlupus erythematosus.Hydrogenencvitamin E,TOmaintainhighQUalitysofttungstenaRvitamin E, de Vvitamin Ecubic decimeterOpers needTOsTRhode IslandVvitamin Efield-grade officerRacubic decimeterOtungsten–degree CelsiussOUPledaneodymiumHIghlydegree CelsiussOhesIVvitamin EDelawaressIgN.Holmiumtungstenvitamin EVvitamin ER,asmnutTIOnedbymaNew YorkRvitamin Esvitamin EaRdegree Celsiusshers,degree CelsiussOUPcubic decimeterInanogramaneodymiums cOhesIONmvitamin ETRhode Islanddegree Celsiussscubic decimeterackfield-grade officerRmacubic decimeteraneodymiumsTaNvitamin Dardized Delawaresdegree FahrenheitinITIONaneodymiumTHUsfield-grade officerRvitamin Eachmvitamin ETricThereismOrheniumTHaNONeinterpretatION.ThymineHIsPaperINational TrustRovitamin DUdegree Celsiussvitamin EsOUrVIelectronic warfareOdegree Fahrenheitmvitamin EasUrvitamin EmentOdegree Fahrenheitdegree CelsiussOUPcubic decimeterInanogramfield-grade officerRJavaProjvitamin Edegree CelsiussTsaneodymiumOUrImPcubic decimetervitamin EmnutcheapnessIONaPPRoach.COUPLiNgmvitamin ETRhode Islanddegree Celsiusssarheniumdegree Celsiu ssalculaterectile dysfunctionaTchlorineasslupus erythematosusVELbydegree CelsiussONsideringThe rvitamin Ecubic decimeteratIONshelloPs beTtungstenvitamin Evitamin ENThemvitamin ETHOvitamin DsOdegree FahrenheitchlorineaUS Secret ServiceEs.AluminumsO,itis hundredOmPaRvitamin Evitamin DtungstenithEastern Timeablisheddegree CelsiussOUPLiNgmvitamin ETricCalciferolIThymine,aneodymiumitisfield-grade officerUNvitamin DTHaTPrOPOserectile dysfunctionmvitamin ETricIsmOrhenium Rvitamin ELiaBlupus erythematosusaneodymiumadegree Celsiussdegree CelsiussUratvitamin E. INvitamin Dex Terms—COUPLiNg,ChlorineassDisilverRam,maintenance,DIThymine,softtungstenarheniumQUalitY. I.INTRODUCTION The term â€Å"coupling† was foremost used in package technology by Stevens et Al. [ 1 ] in the yearss when structured scheduling was the norm. It was defined as â€Å"the step of the strength of association established by a connexion from one faculty to another† . In the context of object-oriented design, yoke is seen in footings of how one category is connected to another. Matching indicates the dependence of a category on the other category. High dependence may diminish reusability of the category and increase care attempt. A turning figure of dependences indicate an increasing likeliness for the functionality of the category to be broken by alterations made to other categories. Changes in one category might take to ruffle consequence. Besides, high yoke will take to more testing attempts and more clip spent on proving. Low yoke and high coherence facilitate comprehension activities, proving attempts, reuse, and care undertakings. Hence, there is a demand to cipher m atching automatically to cut down the measuring attempt, subjectiveness and possible mistakes. This paper introduces a manner to calculate matching prosodies. Since yoke is the grade of interaction between categories, the basic thought underlying all matching prosodies is really simple: number how many interclass interactions there are in the system. Nevertheless there is considerable fluctuation depending on what counts as an interaction, how the numeration is done and how the sums are normalized. StRnutgtHOdegree Fahrenheitdegree CelsiussOUPLiNg Besides the figure of dependences, every dependence has a certain strength associated with it. The strength of a dependence indicates how interconnected these two categories are. A high value for strength means two categories use each otheraˆYs methods and/or types really often. As a consequence, take downing matching between two categories that are strongly coupled is more complex. The strength of yoke is influenced strongly by the manner two categories are coupled:GramOvitamin Dchlorineass– In this instance there is merely a individual category. Multiple categories are merged into one doing a individual category. This type of yoke is the strongest as all methods/properties of the category can be called. A god category will typically hold low coherence as unrelated categories are merged into one. Chlorineass–chlorineassBivitamin DangerNutmeg StateIONacubic decimeter– Two different categories which are dependent bi-directionally. This yoke is still really strong as a alteration in a individual category might ensue in a alteration to the other category. This type of matching is less strong compared to the god category as the communicating is re-strained to the public api ( application programming interface ) of the category. Chlorineass–chlorineassUNIdahoIRvitamin Edegree CelsiussTIONacubic decimeter– Two different categories with one category being dependent upon the other. This type of matching is less strong compared to the bidirectional yoke because lone alterations to the one category potentially alter functionality of a different category. The undermentioned facets of a dependence besides affect the strength of yoke: NitrogenUmberOdegree Fahrenheitinteradegree CelsiussTION– Two categories that are coupled but the sum of yoke is minimum have a less strong yoke compared to two categories with a batch of interactions. Because the increased figure of interactions it becomes more complex to divide the two categories doing them coupled more strongly. This paper proposes a yoke metric which is based on interaction between category methods. The matrix developed utilizing the proposed attack can be used to find bidirectional or uni- directional interaction. Besides, this matrix can be easy verified through category diagram. II.STATE – OF- THE- Art Survey of the Troy and Zweben [ 2 ] on matching suggests that the yoke is one of the most important properties impacting the overall quality of the design. No by and large accepted metric exists for matching ; nevertheless, by and large, it is accepted that excessively much yoke in a design leads to increased system complexness [ 3 ] ; hence, high yoke is considered as unsought belongings. Following describes some of the known attempts that are made for mensurating yoke. Yourdon and Constantine define the yoke as a grade of mutuality between faculties [ 4 ] . Bansiya [ 5 ] besides defines matching as a dependence of an object on other objects in a design. He uses DCC ( Direct Class Coupling ) metric that counts the figure of categories that a category is straight related to. This metric includes the categories straight related by property declaration and message passing ( parameter list ) in methods. Chidamber and Kemmerer [ 6 ] have besides discussed the yoke in the context of OO paradigm, in their sentiment ; two categories are coupled ; if the method of one category uses any method or case of other category. CBO ( Matching between object categories ) prosodies counts the figure of conjugate categories. In CBO metric, a category is coupled to other category if it uses the method or property defined in other category. CBO gives insight into of import facets of package design. Excessive CBO does non advance reuse as an object relies excessively to a great extent on another to be reused independently. If inordinate yoke is found between objects it is advised to cut down the sum of matching through refactoring. If non, alterations to the conjugate objects in the hereafter could ensue in relationships being modified that are unexpected. Making mock objects to prove within the conjugate objects besides provides extra complexnesss between objects further increasing the boundlessly hard job of proving a system. However, CBO metric does non separate among different types of interactions between two categories. Briand et Al. [ 7 ] present a package metric suite which accounts for class-attribute, class- Montazeri [ 11 ] argue that matching between two categories should be multi-faceted instead than being a remarkable relation. In other words there should be many facets taken into history when mensurating the matching relationship between categories within a system. To capture the run-time analysis of matching which can alter because of the polymorphism – an array of dynamic matching prosodies have been proposed. Beszedes et Al. [ 12 ] proposed a Dynamic Function Coupling ( DFC ) metric to capture the propinquity of maps on the run-time stack to foretell change-proneness and impact sets. Hassoun et Al. [ 13 ] prove the construct of dynamic yoke and that it is so a new dimension of matching between objects within a run-time environment. They find that polymorphous systems demonstrate less matching overall compared to an indistinguishable system that does non utilize polymorphism. Arisholm [ 14 ] introduces a dynamic yoke suite to mensurate run-time behaviour of a system and happen similar consequences to Emam et Al. [ 15 ] in that the best prosodies among the suite were those that dealt with export. III.PROPOSED APPROACH Class yoke is calculated by mensurating the dependence relationships between methods of different categories considered. Depending on the maps calls made to methods of different category, we have came up with matching metric. Matching between categories is shown is signifier of matrix [ I ] [ J ] where I and J are both symbolic Numberss for categories. matrix [ I ] [ J ] = Number of times the „class iaˆY calls the maps of „class jaˆY . Using this matrix, we can besides cipher entire yoke as: method, and method-method relationships and show that there is correlativity between these matching measurings with fault- proneness. In add-on, they inject that the usage of friend within C++ ThymineOTacubic decimeterdegree CelsiussoupLiNgOdegree Fahrenheitadegree Celsiusscubic decimeterassIiˆ? Nitrogen i?? Jiˆ?1 maTRIten[I] [J] NitrogeniˆÂ ­1 where N is to can increase the fault-proneness of categories even more than other types of yoke. Binkley and Schach [ 8 ] propose a Yoke entire figure of categories. Besides, the mean yoke for a undertaking can be calculated as: Dependency Metric which measures alteration and fault-proneness at a finer grain compared to other prosodies that restrict their range to the category degree. Fenton and Pfleeger [ 9 ] recognize yoke as a pair-wise measuring of the faculties. They have discussed about Nitrogen AveRsilvervitamin Edegree CelsiussoupLiNgOdegree FahrenheitPROJEuropean UnionTiˆ? i?? Jiˆ?1 where N is entire figure of categories. degree CelsiussoupLiNgOdegree Fahrenheitacubic decimetercubic decimeterdegree Celsiusscubic decimeteraUS Secret Servicevitamin Es Nitrogen mensurating the yoke on ordinal graduated table and they have classified the yoke in six pair-wise faculty relationships on ordinal graduated table. To mensurate matching, an thought of set of categorization of pair-wise relationships between faculties x and Y is used ; get downing from relation R0, R1, R2 to Rn. Relationss are subscripted from the least dependent at the start and the most dependent at the terminal, so that Ri & A ; gt ; Rj for I & A ; gt ; j. Modules x and Ys are said to be the slackly conjugate if one value is someplace in the start ( near to zero ) and modules tens and Ys are said to be tightly coupled if one value is someplace in the terminal ( near to n ) . In [ 9 ] , they have non described their Model for mensurating matching in footings of OO paradigm. Most of OO prosodies to mensurate matching are the numeration prosodies, which counts the figure of times a category establishes an OO relationship with other category. Liu and Xu [ 10 ] have proposed an object-oriented metric suite that measures the magnitude of matching between categories and show that their suite offers a new dimension of measuring complementing other prosodies. Hitz and The elaborate model of the proposed metric calculation is shown in figure 1. The procedure of computation of this matrix and its confirmation can be divided into four stages: – Phase 1 purposes at developing the information constructions need for farther computations. The information constructions ( List ) developed aid in designation of methods, categories to which they belong and the bundles to which they belong. Phase 2 purposes at designation of tuple ( naming map, naming category, called map, called category ) for each map call made inside maps of a category In stage 3, the procedure of stage 2 is repeated for each category nowadays in undertaking.The matrix [ I ] [ J ] is developed in this stage In stage 4, the confirmation of consequence against category diagram is done by formalizing that each non-zero value in matrix implies a connexion between two matching categories. Fig. 1.Framework of Proposed Approach IV.ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE There is a Java Project ‘Product Tree ‘ holding categories: Custom Dialog, Dynamic Tree, Dynamic Tree Product and Product. Class diagram of ‘Product Tree ‘ is shown in figure 2. A.Phosphorushour anglesvitamin E1: LithiumsTvitamin Dvitamin EVELoperectile dysfunction 1 ) Classs along with their bundles: Fig. 2.Ccubic decimeterassDisilverRamOdegree Fahrenheit‘PhosphorusRoductTRvitamin Evitamin E ‘ GetProductText = Product, componentShown = CustomDialog, SetProduct = Product, GetProductType = Product, GetProduct=Product, main=DynamicTreeProduct, actionPerformed { Merchandise = prdtree, DynamicTree = prdtree, CustomDialog = prdtree, DynamicTreeProduct = prdtree } 2 ) List of method along with their categories: – { clearAndHide=CustomDialog, getHash=DynamicTree, windowClosing=CustomDialog, SetHashCode=Product, Product= Product, cretatAndShowGUI = DynamicTreeProduct, CustomDialog=CustomDialog, DynamicTree = DynamicTree, DremoveCurrentNode=DynamicTree, edit = DynamicTree, =DynamicTreeProduct, GetProductSymbol=Product, GetProductName = Product, getProduct = CustomDialog, GetHashCode=Product, DynamicTreeProduct=DynamicTreeProdu Nutmeg State, propertyChange = CustomDialog, addObject = DynamicTree } 3 ) List of get downing Lines Numberss of method inside category file: – { Merchandise = [ 9, 14, 17, 22, 25, 28, 31, 36, 39 ] , DynamicTree = [ 21, 36, 47, 56, 111, 125, 130 ] , CustomDialog = [ 30, 35, 78, 91, 104, 109, 171 ] , DynamicTreeProduct = [ 25, 54, 115, 130 ] } . Bacillus.Phosphorushour anglesvitamin E2: ThymineaKINgvitamin ExamPlupus erythematosusOdegree FahrenheitDysprosiumNamicTREE The map call to GetHashCode ( ) is found at the line figure 77,92 and these figure lies between 56 and 111 in list 3, therefore matching by sing the list 4 for Dynamic Tree, we can place the naming map – removeCurrent Node ( ) . Besides, utilizing List 2, we identify that GetHashCode ( ) belong to category Product. Hence, Called category, called map, naming category, naming map , no. of times call is Product, GetHashCode ( ) , DynamicTree, removeCurrentNode ( ) and 2 severally. C.Phosphorushour anglesvitamin E3:COUPLiNgMeteraTRnine The yoke matrix obtained for this undertaking is shown in tabular array I. Table I: Matching Matrix for ‘ProductTree ‘ TABLE II: Proposed Coupling and DIT For Different UndertakingsPhosphorusROJvitamin ENutmeg StateAvg. CalciferolInformation technologyAvg. CouPLinanogramKea1.680.17Anagram3.750.42Lamistra1.330.16JavaOperation1.750.09ProductTree4.300.92Besides a comparative graph is drawn to analyse the behaviour of proposed matching metric and DIT, as shown in Figure 3. 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 Avg. DIT Avg. Matching n the first row the value 2 in cell ProductTree [ CustomDialog ] [ Product ] implies that Custom Dialog calls 2 maps of Product which are viz. ( as confirmed from codification ) – GetHashCode ( ) , GetProductSymbol ( ) . Other nothing values in the row implies that no map of other categories is used in Custom Dialog. D.Phosphorushour anglesvitamin E4:Volteridegree FahrenheitIntelligence CommunityaTiONAgaINsTdegree Celsiusscubic decimeterassvitamin DIsilverRamvitamin Echlorineassvitamin DIsilverRam As evident from the category diagram, 1.Class Custom Dialog is merely dependent on category Product, therefore verifying the non zero value in Product column and other nothing values in row 1. 2.Class DynamicTree is merely dependent on category Product, therefore verifying the values in row 2. 3.Class DynamicTreeProduct is dependent on CustomDialog, DynamicTree and Product which is besides implied from row 3. 4.Class Merchandise in non dependent on any of other categories therefore all zero value in row 4 are right. V. RESULTS AND COMPARITION ANASYSIS To analyse the truth of proposed metric, the norm of proposed yoke and Depth of Inheritance Tree ( DIT ) is computed and compared for five big size Java based Open Source Software ( OSS ) . Comparative consequences are shown in Table 2 PhosphorusRojedegree CelsiussTNitrogenamvitamin E Fig. 3.Comparative Graph for Avg. Proposed Coupling and Avg. DIT Figure 3 shows that proposed matching gives more accurate value of matching since it considers heritage relationship along with other dependences like association, generalisation while DIT merely considered the heritage relationship between the categories. VI.CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK In decision, the attack developed in this paper provides a manner to develop prosodies for matching at category degree. The metric can easy be verified through category diagram. The consequence can besides be used to analysis the undertaking and develop suggestion to better its yoke. The attack is developed into codification merely for Java undertakings. In future, we aim to develop the merchandise for other common linguistic communications like C # , C++ etc. Besides,calculation of matching at higher degrees, bundle degree will be done to demo how faculties of undertakings are dependent on each other. The constructs of polymorphism will be taken into consideration for future enterprises. VII. Reference [ 1 ] .W. Stevens, G. Myers, and L. Constantine. Structured design. IBM Systems Journal, 13 ( 2 ) :115-139, 1974. [ 2 ] . D.A. Troy and S.H. Zweben, â€Å" Measuring the Quality of Structured Designs, † Journal of Systems and Software, Vol. 2, No. 2, June 1981, pp. 113 – 120. [ 3 ] .Harrison R. , Counsell S. , Nithi R. , â€Å"Coupling prosodies for object- oriented design† , Journal: Software Metrics Symposium, Metrics 1998. Fifth International pages: 150-157, 1998. [ 4 ] .Yourdon, E and Constantine, L.L. , Structured design, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ,1979. [ 5 ] . J. Bansiya, â€Å"A Hierarchical Model for object- orientated Design Quality Assessment† IEEE Transaction on package technology, Vol.28, No.1, January 2002. [ 6 ] . S.R. Chidamber, C.F. Kemerer, Towards a prosodies suite for object-oriented design, Proceedings of the Conference on Object- Oriented Programming: Systems, Languages and Applications ( OOPSLA aˆY91 ) , 1991. [ 7 ] . Briand, L. , Devanbu, P. , Melo, W. : â€Å"An probe into matching steps for C++† , Proceedings of ICSE 1997, Boston, USA, 1997. [ 8 ] . B. Binkley and S. R. Schach. Validation of the yoke dependence metric as a forecaster of run-time failures and care steps. In Proceedings of the 1998 ( 20th ) International Conference on Software Engineering, pages 452- 455, Apr 1998. [ 9 ] . Norman E. Fenton, Shari Lawrence Pfleeger, â€Å"Software Prosodies: A Rigorous and Practical Approach† , PWS Publishing Company, 1998 [ 10 ] . D. Liu and S. Xu. New quality prosodies for object-oriented plans. In Eighth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing, pages 870875, Jul 2007. [ 11 ] . M. Hitz and B. Montazeri. Measuring matching and coherence in object oriented systems. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Applied Corporate Computing, Monterrey, Mexico. , 1995. [ 12 ] . Beszedes, T. Gergely, S. Farago, T. Gyimothy, and F. Fischer. The dynamic map matching metric and its usage in package development. In CSMR '07. 11th European Conference on Software Care and Reengineering, pages 103-112, Mar 2007 [ 13 ] . Y. Hassoun, S. Counsell, and R. Johnson. Dynamic matching metric: cogent evidence of construct. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 152 ( 6 ) :273-279, Dec 2005. [ 14 ] . E. Arisholm. Dynamic matching steps for object-oriented package. In Proceedings of the Eigth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics, pages 33-42, Jun 2002 [ 15 ] . K. E. Emam, W. Melo, and J. C. Machado. The anticipation of faulty categories utilizing object-oriented design prosodies. Journal of Systems and Software, 56 ( 1 ) :63-75, Feb 2001

Antigone Interpretive Essay Essay

The play, Antigone, written around 422 B.C. by the author Sophocles, is the first of the three Theban plays written by this author. Although it was the first written, Antigone is the third in the series coming after the plays Oedipus Rex and Oedipus at Colonus. This play follows the story of a girl, Antigone; and the king of the city of Thebes, Creon, who both have different beliefs about Antigone’s dead brother Polyneices. Creon makes a rule that no one can bury Polyneices because he was a traitor to the city and attacked it with an enemy army. So as an insult to him, he will not permit his burial. Antigone, on the other hand, believes that even though what he did is wrong, that family is family and she has a right to bury him. She does so, defying Creon’s law, but gets caught in the act and Creon sentences her to death. With this decision, he refuses to let go of, we see Creon’s contradictory opinions: on loyalty, by wanting what is best for the city yet he kil ls their princess, he kills his own son’s bride to be; he pays more attention to himself and what he says is best for the city, rather than his own family, especially his wife. The first example of Creon’s contradictory opinions is his belief that everything he does is for the best of the city. As this quote from Creon states, â€Å"I say to you at the very outset that I have nothing but contempt for the kind of governor that is afraid, for whatever reason, to follow the course that is best for the state; and as for the man who sets private friendship above the public welfare- I have no use for him, either.† (1/20-24/1027) he states his belief in the safety of the city and its people, no matter what the cost is. So once Creon becomes aware of what Antigone has done, he stands by his word and orders her killed, thinking that if he lets her go the people will see him as weak and breaking his word, saying the good of the people comes first, above all else. What he doesn’t realize is that the opposite is true. The people become outraged with him because they feel that Antigone had a right to bury her brother as family, and because she is th eir princess. Nevertheless, Creon doesn’t listen to anyone, and has his guards lock her in a stone vault, with some food, so as to say he did not kill her but she died of starvation. From this act, this is the beginning of his spiral downward, and loss of respect from his own family. Soon after hearing what his father has done to his bride to be, Haemon, Creon’s son, rushes to the castle, to try to persuade his father  to spare her life. He feels she has really done no wrong. As usual, though, Creon does not listen to reason, even by his own son, as seen in this quote, â€Å"I will carry her far away, out there in the wilderness, and lock her living in a vault of stone. She shall have food, as the custom is, to absolver the state of her death. And there let her pray to the gods of hell: they are her only gods† (3/142-146/1045). After the argument with his father, Haemon flees the castle and isn’t seen until much later. Close to the end of the play, Creon finally realizes his wrongs only to find out it was too late. He goes to the tomb of Antigone to free her, only to find she hanged herself and Haemon at her feet crying. When Creon tries to apologize for his wrongs, now that he knows what he has done, Haemon, in a rage, ignores his father’s plea and takes his sword and strikes his father. Creon manages to narrowly escape the blade, which causes Haemon to become so enraged, he takes his sword and ends his own life in front of his father, and he dies there with Antigone. The third and final thing to happen to Creon, because of his opinions on loyalty, is that he neglects his own wife. While Creon is away trying to right his wrongs, his wife returns home to the castle, where she is informed by the messenger of what Creon has done. The messenger tells her how he sentenced Antigone to death, how Haemon tried to reason him but he didn’t listen. And worst of all, how their own child swung at Creon and then took his own life. All of this news is too much of a shock for her, so she leaves to her quarters without a word, which the messenger finds a bit suspicious, so he follows to make sure she is ok. At this time, Creon returns with the body of his son in arms, and talks with the choragus about all the grief he has gone through in this day. Then, suddenly the messenger returns with even worse news, which Creon doesn’t believe could be worse than what has already happened. The messengers tells him that his own wife took her life, â€Å"She stood before the altar, and her heart welcomed the knife her own hand guided, and a great cry burst from her lips for Megareus dead, and for Haemon dead, her sons; and her last breath was a curse for their father, the murderer of her sons. And she fell, and the dark flowed in through her closing eyes.† (Exodus/112-117/1060). From this, Creon cannot bear it any longer and asks if everyone else is dead, where his death is, but he is doomed to live with all he has done, still as king of the city. From all that Creon has learned in this play, from losing respect from the  people, to being cursed by his closet family, we can learn that sometime what we think is best, may not be right, or may not be the best for everyone, or even yourself. I believe the message Sophocles was trying to convey to us, is that we must all learn to care for the well-being of everyone by listening to advice offered, and listening to the opinions of those you are trying so hard to protect.

Mao’s Last Dancer by Li Cunxin Essay

‘Non-fiction texts only deal with facts.’ Discuss the validity of this statement. In your essay response, you should discuss how composers of non-fiction texts present their point of view with specific reference to your non-fiction text. Autobiographies, as a narrative non-fiction text, generally rely on the conventions of factual historical evidence while presenting a personal point of view. Non-fiction texts therefore, rely on objective detail and a subjective perspective. Throughout the autobiography Mao’s Last Dancer the composer Li Cunxin offers a personal evaluation of actions and speculates on the significance of certain actions and events. To engage and entertain the responder the composer uses opinionative language and emotive language throughout. Recounts rely intensely on memory, which can be fragile and misleading, and therefore one should question the validity of such a text. Such an autobiography also deals with factual events but includes a level of subjectively. By saying non-fiction texts only deal with facts is partially wrong because non-fiction texts such as autobiographies do deal with the things other than facts and it contrastingly brings immediacy to events that have been simply narrate d by secondary versions. Consequently, non-fiction texts are not always objective when dealing with the events in a person’s life and this proves right through the novel. Autobiographies by their very nature rely back on memories from the past. This can be fragile and can ignore certain facts. In Li Cunxin’s text, most of his writing relied back on his memory. He exaggerates and reinforces his points quite strongly. Hyperbole is used in this line, â€Å"My leaps were high†¦It felt like as if I was flying†¦gliding through the open sky, and if the music allowed it, I would have stayed in the air all night,† (p314) adjusting the truth to portray him in a positive light. Furthermore, Time does have an effect on memory as it can be clouded over time and cannot be as strong. For example when Li has a conversation with Teacher Xiao he includes the exact dialogue, which was spoken. â€Å"Cunxin I understand your anger and I think Teacher Gao was wrong. He shouldn’t name†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (p182) The reader must question how the author remembers each detail from his past.  This adds to the subjective nature of this genre. Li reflecting from his memory also shapes his emotion, full on life. Emanating from Li’s personal emotions this indicates that this is a subjective recount as well as objective, â€Å"My feelings about leaving her and going back to China became unbearable† (p289). Aspects of the story also describe how his parents were feeling before he was born through the short dramatic sentences, but is not essentially factual as he was not actually there, â€Å"She knows her family will no longer be her main source of comfort†¦looks back at her familiar village for the last time, she has no tears,†(xiv) and so this relies on memory and perspective once again. The use of first person, it interoperates non-fiction texts such as autobiographies, an unreliable source of information. The purpose of writing in this style is to give the responder a personal effect, while reflecting back on their life story. Therefore, this reiterates the fact that the autobiography is only set on the personal and selective events being conveyed by the author. By doing so, the reader is presented with bias and limited factual content explored within Mao’s Last Dancer. They persuade the reader into believing its true; it could give the reader a wrong perception of true events and places because there is nothing else to judge them from. Aspects of one-sidedness are presented to us in Mao’s Last Dancer, which suggest the narrator is unreliable. The use of omission is brought to our attention at the start of the ‘afterword’. The fact that the author finishes writing on the page about a particular event which occurred in the distant past (being released from the Chinese Government). And then starts a new page erasing a whole stage out of his autobiography. â€Å"My new life with Elizabeth began like an East meets West fairy tale†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p308) simply reassures the readers that the legitimacy of the text is not all true. What has happened in the release and the meeting of Elizabeth? The reader does not hear what her point of view is on the circumstances or what she thinks about it, such as why their marriage failed, â€Å"but it didn’t work out the way we both had hoped.† (p308) This merely gives the reader a one sided point of view. As we hear Li’s thoughts and emotions towards Elizabeth, the reader is manipulated into sympathizing with Li. Therefore Elizabeth is not given adequate characterization. â€Å"Our marriage eventually failed. We suffered  greatly and I felt terribly alone in the world. I had no one to go to.† (p308) The use of this personal style makes this genre a subjective text. However, autobiographies do include factual detail and are not all subjective. In Mao’s Last Dancer, the author includes an appendix, which outlines the historical events mentioned in the book. These include reference map, a historical timeline of China in the 20th Century and black and white photos with captions. These endorse Li Cunxin’s life story and set it within a historical context. Related evidence for the reader that these events actually occurred, â€Å"In 1921 the Chinese Government party was founded.† (p328). This references to historical figures, such as Chairman Mao Zedong, and the use of dates provided. However one must question why the author and their purpose selected these examples. The written style of non-fiction text both deals with facts and emotional theories. Thus all this occurring by nature. Emotional theories, which are focused on in the text, Mao’s Last Dancer, involves the idea of memory in which the events occurred. Throughout the novel we witness from the author the numerous times the fragility in memory. The one-sidedness in autobiographies often gives the reader a bias view on all events and the author usually alters the truth. By saying non-fiction texts only deal with facts is highly debatable as facts are intertwined with the personal.